Criminals don’t need to perform complex hacks to obtain the necessary voice recordings. The sources are often publicly accessible:

Social Media: This is the most productive source. A short video in an Instagram story, a TikTok clip, or a Facebook vacation video in which you speak often provides sufficient material.

Answering Machine: Your personal voicemail greeting is often a clean, noise-free recording of your voice.

Spam Calls: Criminals call under false pretenses (e.g., fake surveys) to engage the victim in conversation and record their voice.

Spam Calls: The Jennifer DeStefano Case: A prominent example from the USA illustrates the danger. Jennifer DeStefano received a call in which she heard her 15-year-old daughter crying and screaming, followed by the voice of a man demanding ransom. The daughter’s voice was an AI clone. The real daughter was safely on a skiing trip.

Once the voice is cloned, it is used for various types of fraud:

1. The Grandparent Scam 2.0 (Shock Calls)

The classic grandparent scam relied on the victim believing they were hearing their relative due to poor connection quality or mumbling. With AI, the caller now sounds exactly like the grandchild, child, or partner. The stories are dramatic: a car accident, an arrest, or a kidnapping. The shock and the familiar voice override the victim’s rational thinking.

2. Bypassing security barriers

Some banks and service providers use “Voice ID” for authentication on the phone. Security researchers have already demonstrated that AI-generated voices can bypass these biometric security gates.

3. CEO fraud (business fraud)

In this type of fraud, accounting staff receive calls from someone claiming to be their boss and are instructed to make urgent transfers to other people’s accounts. A particularly spectacular case occurred in 2019 when the CEO of a British energy company was defrauded of €220,000 by an AI-generated voice.

A McAfee study (“The Artificial Imposter,” 2023) already provided alarming figures at that time:

• 53% of adults who participated in the study stated that they had shared their own voice online (through social media, etc.).
• 70% of respondents were unsure whether they could distinguish an AI voice from a real voice.
• Globally, one in four respondents stated that they had already experienced AI voice fraud (either personally or through someone they knew).

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in the USA also explicitly warns of the rise of this type of fraud and reports annual losses in the millions due to “imposter scams.”

Experts and authorities recommend the following protective measures:

The Family Safe Word: Agree on a safe word with close relatives. If a caller claims to be in distress but doesn’t know the word, it’s a scam.

Hang Up and Call Back: If a supposed relative or supervisor calls from an unknown number and demands money: Hang up. Call the person back using a number you know and have saved.

Social Media Hygiene: Check your privacy settings. Set profiles to “Private” so strangers can’t access videos of you.

Social Media Hygiene: Be skeptical of payment requests: Be extremely suspicious if money is requested via gift cards, cryptocurrencies or cash handover.